Guidelines for the paper
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*AT THE END OF THESE GUIDELINES THERE IS A DATAILED SPANISH VERSION*
*1. What is a Paper?*
This is a composition or an essay of a specific topic on science...
sábado, 25 de abril de 2009
martes, 21 de abril de 2009
Port State Control
Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international regulations and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with these rules.
Many of IMO's most important technical conventions contain provisions for ships to be inspected when they visit foreign ports to ensure that they meet IMO requirements.
These inspections were originally intended to be a back up to flag State implementation, but experience has shown that they can be extremely effective, especially if organized on a regional basis. A ship going to a port in one country will normally visit other countries in the region before embarking on its return voyage and it is to everybody's advantage if inspections can be closely co-ordinated.
This ensures that as many ships as possible are inspected but at the same time prevents ships being delayed by unnecessary inspections. The primary responsibility for ships' standards rests with the flag State - but port State control provides a "safety net" to catch substandard ships.
IMO has encouraged the establishment of regional port State control organizations and agreements on port State control - Memoranda of Understanding or MOUs - have been signed covering all of the world's oceans: Europe and the north Atlantic (Paris MOU); Asia and the Pacific (Tokyo MOU); Latin America (Acuerdo de Viña del Mar); Caribbean (Caribbean MOU); West and Central Africa (Abuja MOU); the Black Sea region (Black Sea MOU); the Mediterranean (Mediterranean MOU); the Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean MOU); and the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC MoU (Riyadh MoU)).
IMO hosted the Third Workshop for Secretaries and Directors of Information Centres of all the regional port State control regimes in June 2004. The Workshops are funded by the IMO Technical Co-operation Fund and aim to provide support to regional port State control regimes by establishing a platform for co-operation and also providing a forum for the people involved to meet and exchange ideas and experiences; they also aim to encourage harmonization and co-ordination of PSC activities and the development of practical recommendations which can be forwarded to IMO for further examination by the Organization's relevant Committees and Sub-Committees.
Many of IMO's most important technical conventions contain provisions for ships to be inspected when they visit foreign ports to ensure that they meet IMO requirements.
These inspections were originally intended to be a back up to flag State implementation, but experience has shown that they can be extremely effective, especially if organized on a regional basis. A ship going to a port in one country will normally visit other countries in the region before embarking on its return voyage and it is to everybody's advantage if inspections can be closely co-ordinated.
This ensures that as many ships as possible are inspected but at the same time prevents ships being delayed by unnecessary inspections. The primary responsibility for ships' standards rests with the flag State - but port State control provides a "safety net" to catch substandard ships.
IMO has encouraged the establishment of regional port State control organizations and agreements on port State control - Memoranda of Understanding or MOUs - have been signed covering all of the world's oceans: Europe and the north Atlantic (Paris MOU); Asia and the Pacific (Tokyo MOU); Latin America (Acuerdo de Viña del Mar); Caribbean (Caribbean MOU); West and Central Africa (Abuja MOU); the Black Sea region (Black Sea MOU); the Mediterranean (Mediterranean MOU); the Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean MOU); and the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC MoU (Riyadh MoU)).
IMO hosted the Third Workshop for Secretaries and Directors of Information Centres of all the regional port State control regimes in June 2004. The Workshops are funded by the IMO Technical Co-operation Fund and aim to provide support to regional port State control regimes by establishing a platform for co-operation and also providing a forum for the people involved to meet and exchange ideas and experiences; they also aim to encourage harmonization and co-ordination of PSC activities and the development of practical recommendations which can be forwarded to IMO for further examination by the Organization's relevant Committees and Sub-Committees.
Port State Control
Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international regulations and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with these rules.
Many of IMO's most important technical conventions contain provisions for ships to be inspected when they visit foreign ports to ensure that they meet IMO requirements.
These inspections were originally intended to be a back up to flag State implementation, but experience has shown that they can be extremely effective, especially if organized on a regional basis. A ship going to a port in one country will normally visit other countries in the region before embarking on its return voyage and it is to everybody's advantage if inspections can be closely co-ordinated.
This ensures that as many ships as possible are inspected but at the same time prevents ships being delayed by unnecessary inspections. The primary responsibility for ships' standards rests with the flag State - but port State control provides a "safety net" to catch substandard ships.
IMO has encouraged the establishment of regional port State control organizations and agreements on port State control - Memoranda of Understanding or MOUs - have been signed covering all of the world's oceans: Europe and the north Atlantic (Paris MOU); Asia and the Pacific (Tokyo MOU); Latin America (Acuerdo de Viña del Mar); Caribbean (Caribbean MOU); West and Central Africa (Abuja MOU); the Black Sea region (Black Sea MOU); the Mediterranean (Mediterranean MOU); the Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean MOU); and the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC MoU (Riyadh MoU)).
IMO hosted the Third Workshop for Secretaries and Directors of Information Centres of all the regional port State control regimes in June 2004. The Workshops are funded by the IMO Technical Co-operation Fund and aim to provide support to regional port State control regimes by establishing a platform for co-operation and also providing a forum for the people involved to meet and exchange ideas and experiences; they also aim to encourage harmonization and co-ordination of PSC activities and the development of practical recommendations which can be forwarded to IMO for further examination by the Organization's relevant Committees and Sub-Committees.
Many of IMO's most important technical conventions contain provisions for ships to be inspected when they visit foreign ports to ensure that they meet IMO requirements.
These inspections were originally intended to be a back up to flag State implementation, but experience has shown that they can be extremely effective, especially if organized on a regional basis. A ship going to a port in one country will normally visit other countries in the region before embarking on its return voyage and it is to everybody's advantage if inspections can be closely co-ordinated.
This ensures that as many ships as possible are inspected but at the same time prevents ships being delayed by unnecessary inspections. The primary responsibility for ships' standards rests with the flag State - but port State control provides a "safety net" to catch substandard ships.
IMO has encouraged the establishment of regional port State control organizations and agreements on port State control - Memoranda of Understanding or MOUs - have been signed covering all of the world's oceans: Europe and the north Atlantic (Paris MOU); Asia and the Pacific (Tokyo MOU); Latin America (Acuerdo de Viña del Mar); Caribbean (Caribbean MOU); West and Central Africa (Abuja MOU); the Black Sea region (Black Sea MOU); the Mediterranean (Mediterranean MOU); the Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean MOU); and the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC MoU (Riyadh MoU)).
IMO hosted the Third Workshop for Secretaries and Directors of Information Centres of all the regional port State control regimes in June 2004. The Workshops are funded by the IMO Technical Co-operation Fund and aim to provide support to regional port State control regimes by establishing a platform for co-operation and also providing a forum for the people involved to meet and exchange ideas and experiences; they also aim to encourage harmonization and co-ordination of PSC activities and the development of practical recommendations which can be forwarded to IMO for further examination by the Organization's relevant Committees and Sub-Committees.
domingo, 5 de abril de 2009
How to write an essay providing solutions to problems
In order to write a good essay you should follow these guidelines. Click on the images and print them to analyze them in class.
You may also deal with the following questions to be developed in each part of the writing. Generally speaking, a paragraph may have about three or four sentenses, having as total length between 6 and 8 lines using Arial o Times New Roman letters at 1.5 space. An opinion essay usually has no less than five paragraph. The most important and interesting part consists on stating you opinion on the topic developed using your own words. Don't hire anybody to do this task for you because you will be tested on your own production.
You may also deal with the following questions to be developed in each part of the writing. Generally speaking, a paragraph may have about three or four sentenses, having as total length between 6 and 8 lines using Arial o Times New Roman letters at 1.5 space. An opinion essay usually has no less than five paragraph. The most important and interesting part consists on stating you opinion on the topic developed using your own words. Don't hire anybody to do this task for you because you will be tested on your own production.
sábado, 4 de abril de 2009
Use your creativity to come up with knock-out ad campaigns for clients
Like many other industries in our baby boomer-driven economy, the field of advertising is experiencing a major downsize. Where clients used to turn to the Madison Avenue-type majors on "the Coasts," they're now looking to smaller, friendlier, more specialized agencies in smaller cities--why not make one of them yours? If you love turning a clever phrase and marrying it with smart graphics, the thrill of the chase for the elusive client, all combined with savvy marketing, then this is the business for you.
A one-person ad agency is a lot more fun than the giant conglomerate size. You get to wear all the hats from copywriter to graphic designer to media buyer. (If your skills don't run to writing or designing, you can outsource and give another small-business person the business.) But keep in mind that your clients will rely on you to know it all. You'll not only create those winning ads but place them in the proper media spots and negotiate good rates.
The advantages to this business are that it's creative and keeps you on your mental toes. The disadvantages are that you'll usually be rushing to meet deadlines, you'll occasionally have to juggle your own artistic sensibilities with your clients' desires, and just as for Darrin Stevens, the competition can be fierce. While a background in the field is not a must, you'll find the going far easier if you have experience at an ad agency, public relations firm, or even in the sales or production department of a magazine or newspaper. If you don't have any sort of advertising background, consider specializing in a field where you do know the ropes--say writing ads for boat-sales brokers and boating publications if you're a boating fanatic.
You're not likely to wind up with the Nabisco or Kodak accounts, but once you eliminate corporate monoliths, your clients can be just about any business or organization you choose to go after. It's wise to start off with a field you know. If you've been in the business already, you might go with the same types of clients. If your prior experience is on the minimalist side, try specializing in your own interest zone, like boating or gardening. Or try going after a certain business type like restaurants or boutiques. How will you nab these special businesses? Network in your community. Place ads in publications catering to your chosen field of interest. Send direct-mail pieces featuring your creative talents to the companies you're targeting.
You'll need a high-end computer with a Zip or other external drive, the usual office software, desktop-publishing software, a laser printer, a top-quality color printer, a scanner and a fax machine.
This article was taken from: http://www.entrepreneur.com/businessideas/10.html
Vocabulary
1. boomer-driven economy (ph) = An economy driven by booms
2. downsize (n) = Reduction
3. savvy (n) = Common sense
4. juggle (v) = to play or to do something with careful or artistically
5. wind up (v) = to stop a commercial relationship
Activities
1. What is this text about?
2. Read the text again and say whether the following statements are true or false.
Some decades ago people wanted to have a large companies as those settled in the pacific coast of the United States. _____
According to the text, a person could not be an enterprise himself. _____
According to the text it is important to have experience in the field you have decided to make publicity to. _____
Clients would love not to work with monoliths. _____
3. In the text find a synonym or give an explanation for following words:
Majors (N)
Marrying (V)
Elusive client (Ph)
Outsource
Ropes (N)
Targeting (v)
4. Read the text again and state its main and supporting ideas.
5. Write a synthesis about this text in no less than 100-120 words.
A one-person ad agency is a lot more fun than the giant conglomerate size. You get to wear all the hats from copywriter to graphic designer to media buyer. (If your skills don't run to writing or designing, you can outsource and give another small-business person the business.) But keep in mind that your clients will rely on you to know it all. You'll not only create those winning ads but place them in the proper media spots and negotiate good rates.
The advantages to this business are that it's creative and keeps you on your mental toes. The disadvantages are that you'll usually be rushing to meet deadlines, you'll occasionally have to juggle your own artistic sensibilities with your clients' desires, and just as for Darrin Stevens, the competition can be fierce. While a background in the field is not a must, you'll find the going far easier if you have experience at an ad agency, public relations firm, or even in the sales or production department of a magazine or newspaper. If you don't have any sort of advertising background, consider specializing in a field where you do know the ropes--say writing ads for boat-sales brokers and boating publications if you're a boating fanatic.
You're not likely to wind up with the Nabisco or Kodak accounts, but once you eliminate corporate monoliths, your clients can be just about any business or organization you choose to go after. It's wise to start off with a field you know. If you've been in the business already, you might go with the same types of clients. If your prior experience is on the minimalist side, try specializing in your own interest zone, like boating or gardening. Or try going after a certain business type like restaurants or boutiques. How will you nab these special businesses? Network in your community. Place ads in publications catering to your chosen field of interest. Send direct-mail pieces featuring your creative talents to the companies you're targeting.
You'll need a high-end computer with a Zip or other external drive, the usual office software, desktop-publishing software, a laser printer, a top-quality color printer, a scanner and a fax machine.
This article was taken from: http://www.entrepreneur.com/businessideas/10.html
Vocabulary
1. boomer-driven economy (ph) = An economy driven by booms
2. downsize (n) = Reduction
3. savvy (n) = Common sense
4. juggle (v) = to play or to do something with careful or artistically
5. wind up (v) = to stop a commercial relationship
Activities
1. What is this text about?
2. Read the text again and say whether the following statements are true or false.
Some decades ago people wanted to have a large companies as those settled in the pacific coast of the United States. _____
According to the text, a person could not be an enterprise himself. _____
According to the text it is important to have experience in the field you have decided to make publicity to. _____
Clients would love not to work with monoliths. _____
3. In the text find a synonym or give an explanation for following words:
Majors (N)
Marrying (V)
Elusive client (Ph)
Outsource
Ropes (N)
Targeting (v)
4. Read the text again and state its main and supporting ideas.
5. Write a synthesis about this text in no less than 100-120 words.
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